Abstract: Posterior chamber phakic implantable collamer lens (ICL) implantation has become the primary refractive surgery option for patients with high myopia. However, with the increasing number of procedures performed, postoperative complications-particularly the potential risk of rhegmatogenous retinal detachment (RRD)-have also risen. Current evidence shows that the 10-year incidence rate of RRD following ICL implantation in highly myopic eyes is 1.71%, demonstrating no significant difference compared to the 1.25% incidence in unoperated highly myopic eyes. The pathogenesis of RRD after ICL implantation may be associated with vitreoretinal alterations in high myopia, surgery-related factors (such as residual viscoelastic agents and intraocular inflammation), and the synergistic effects of both. RRD occurring within the first 6 months postoperatively is generally attributed to surgical factors, whereas cases emerging after longer intervals are more likely associated with the natural progression of high myopia. Furthermore, when RRD does occur following ICL implantation, timely surgical intervention can successfully reattach the retina and preserve visual acuity, with the ICL typically remaining in situ as explantation is usually unnecessary.

Key words: High myopia, Phakic implantable collamer lens, Rhegmatogenous retinal detachment